機器視覺檢測在橋梁檢測領域中的應用
更新時間:2021-04-10 17:51
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人工檢測法和橋檢車法都是依靠人工用肉眼對橋梁表面進行檢測,其速度慢,效率低,漏檢率高,實時性差,影響交通,存在安全隱患,很難大幅應用;無損檢測包括激光檢測、超聲波檢測以及聲發(fā)射檢測等多種檢測技術,它們儀器昂貴,測量范圍小,不能滿足日益發(fā)展的橋梁檢測要求;智能化檢測有基于導電性材料的混凝土裂縫分布式自動檢測系統(tǒng)和智能混凝土技術,也有最前沿的基于機器視覺的檢測方法。
Artificial detection method and bridge inspection method are based on manual use of the naked eye to detect the bridge surface, its slow speed, low efficiency, high detection rate, poor real-time, affecting traffic, there are safety risks, it is difficult to greatly apply; Nondestructive testing includes laser detection, ultrasonic detection and acoustic emission detection and other detection technologies, which are expensive and have a small measuring range,Can not meet the growing requirements of bridge testing, intelligent detection of concrete cracks based on conductive materials distributed automatic detection system and intelligent concrete technology, but also the most cutting-edge based on machine vision detection methods.
據(jù)統(tǒng)計,混凝土橋梁的損壞有90%以上都是由裂縫引起的,因此對橋梁的健康檢測主要是對橋梁表觀的裂縫進行檢測與測量。基于機器視覺的橋梁檢測技術主要包括三部分內(nèi)容:橋梁表觀圖像的獲取技術、基于圖像的裂縫自動識別理論與算法以及基于圖像的裂縫寬度等病害程度定量化測量方法。
According to statistics, more than 90% of the damage of concrete bridges is caused by cracks, so the health detection of bridges is mainly to detect and measure the cracks in bridge apparent. The bridge detection technology based on machine vision mainly includes three parts: the acquisition technology of bridge apparent image, the theory and algorithm of automatic fracture recognition based on image, and the quantitative measurement method of disease degree based on image crack width.
基于機器視覺的自動化、智能化檢測技術已經(jīng)在道路、隧道上得到了成功應用,在橋梁上也得到了初步的應用,但主要集中在視線開闊的高空混凝土構件表觀圖像獲取技術上,在病害的自動識別方面仍停留在理論研究階段,還無法應用于實際工程當中。針對量大面廣的混凝土梁體,智能化視頻橋梁檢測車進入理論與關鍵部件模型的研制階段,但是受到橋梁細小裂縫自動識別與清晰圖像快速化獲取難度大的限制,目前離達到實用化程度的要求還相距甚遠。
Automation and intelligent detection technology based on machine vision has been successfully applied in roads and tunnels, and has been preliminarily applied on bridges, but mainly focused on the apparent image acquisition technology of high-altitude concrete members with open eyes, which is still in the theoretical research stage in the automatic identification of diseases, and can not be applied to practical engineering. Aiming at the large amount of concrete beam body, the Intelligent video Bridge detection vehicle enters the development stage of the theory and key component model, but it is limited by the automatic identification of small cracks in the bridge and the difficulty of obtaining clear image rapidity, which is still far from the requirement to achieve the degree of practicality.
機器視覺的誕生和應用,大幅解放了人類勞動力,同時提高了生產(chǎn)自動化水平,裝備的使用效率、可靠性及穩(wěn)定性等。隨著新技術、新理論在機器視覺系統(tǒng)中的應用,機器視覺將在國民經(jīng)濟的各領域申發(fā)揮更大作用,其應用前景廣闊,并為社會的發(fā)展帶來了新的技術革命。
The birth and application of machine vision has greatly liberated the human labor force, while improving the level of production automation, equipment use efficiency, reliability and stability. With the application of new technology and theory in Machine vision system, machine vision will play a greater role in all fields of national economy, and its application prospect is broad, and has brought a new technological revolution for the development of society.
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